Sleep issues

There are 10 different categories of recognised sleep disorders, the most commonly known being insomnia (inability to sleep), hypersomnolence (overly sleepy), narcolepsy (bouts of rapidly and unpredictably falling asleep), restless legs syndrome, and substance/medication-induced sleep disorder. Importantly, these disorders are often related to other mental health issues such as depression and anxiety, and changes in thinking ability. Sleep issues may also precipitate the onset of other types of mental illness, so it is important we be aware of them and manage them appropriately.

Insomnia 

Insomnia is a sleep disorder characterised by difficulty falling asleep, staying asleep, or waking too early and not being able to get back to sleep. Common causes of insomnia include stress, anxiety, too much noise at night, your bedroom being too hot or cold and drinks containing caffeine. Sleep hygiene can help improve sleep. Sleep hygiene and CBT are recommended treatment options. In some cases, short trials of sleeping aid medications may be useful.

Hypersomnolence (excessive sleepiness)

Hypersomnolence is characterised by excessive sleepiness despite having adequate sleep overnight, which is at least 7 hours. This is in addition to additional sleep during the day, long sleep episodes of 9 hours or more that are not refreshing, and difficulty remaining awake after being abruptly awoken. To meet the criteria, this occurs at least 3 times per week for at least a 3 month period. Improving sleep habits and removing any contributors such as alcohol or sedatives is the first step in treatment.

Narcolepsy

Narcolepsy is a rare long-term brain condition that causes a person to suddenly fall asleep at inappropriate times. There’s currently no cure for narcolepsy, but making changes to improve your sleeping habits and taking medicine can help minimise the impact the condition has on your daily life.

Restless legs syndrome

This syndrome is characterised by an irresistible urge to move the legs due to a persisting uncomfortable sensation in the legs. This unpleasant sensation is often worse when inactive, and moving the legs provides some relief, albeit temporarily. Typically, the urge to move the legs is worse at night, or only occurs at night.